VI
EN
The Arctic is the fastest-warming region in the world. This rising temperature is causing the permafrost beneath the surface to melt. As a result, minerals embedded in the ice are released and seep into rivers, causing them to turn rusty.
The melting permafrost has allowed minerals, previously locked within the ice, to come into contact with oxygen (a process known as weathering). Weathering increases the acidity of water and dissolves metals such as zinc, copper, and iron—the main reason rivers turn orange. Beyond affecting river color, weathering also degrades water resources and biodiversity in the Arctic.
Alaska's ancient main rivers are turning a rusty yellow so noticeably that it's visible from the air.
Not only are the rivers and streams here visually altered, but their high mineral concentrations also poison most aquatic life. Researchers are particularly concerned about the negative impact on the natural environment.
Water with high levels of metals can be toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms. Some animals, such as reindeer and moose, depend on these water sources for drinking and survival. Exposure to contaminated water can cause them to become ill and even die.
Previously, many predicted that the millennia-old permafrost would soon melt, causing numerous problems.
Although people in Alaska don't directly use this water for drinking, it can affect groundwater and other water sources used for agricultural and industrial activities.
Experts worked closely with the government and the tribes living in Alaska to ensure that local people received accurate and timely information about this phenomenon.
The phenomenon of rivers turning orange first appeared in 2018 in Alaska, causing the extinction of two local fish species, the Dolly Varden salmon and the Sculpin catfish. Prior to this, these rivers were known for their crystal-clear water, allowing one to see the riverbed.
