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Besides the suffering left behind by colonial rule, the French also brought many changes to Vietnam, with architecture being a significant mark. Nearly a century of colonial rule created a diverse and rich Vietnamese architectural landscape, a subtle blend of the ancient charm of traditional architecture and the modernity of French architecture, resulting in a unique architectural style known as colonial architecture.
The cultural exchange between East and West during the French colonial period.
French architecture in Vietnam originated in the late 19th century when Vietnam became a French colony. To suit Vietnamese culture, lifestyle, and to assimilate the Vietnamese people, many new French buildings were constructed. These buildings all bore the distinctive architectural characteristics of France. However, the influence of French architecture on Vietnam at that time did not extend to private homes, but rather to military or public buildings.
Besides the suffering left behind by colonial rule, the French also brought many changes to Vietnam, with architecture being a significant example.
For nearly a century (1858-1954), French colonialism significantly influenced Vietnamese architecture. This process reflected the intermingling of Indochinese and Western cultures. During this period, these architectural features of cultural fusion were referred to as colonial architecture.
Classical French architecture is divided into several historical periods, each associated with a distinct architectural style. These styles share commonalities related to French architecture. Today, French architecture has been modernized and significantly modified to suit the needs of the Vietnamese people.
Nearly a century of colonial rule has shaped a diverse and rich architectural landscape in Vietnam.
Neoclassical style reflects the classical Greek and Roman architecture, considering it the pinnacle of architectural language and imagery. On the other hand, classical architectural language also allowed for the creation of grandiose and magnificent buildings capable of expressing the political and economic power of France.
However, neoclassical architecture in Vietnam is no longer purely neoclassical but incorporates elements of eclecticism. Although classical styles remain dominant, details of Renaissance architecture and Vietnamese architectural motifs have been incorporated into some buildings. Typical examples include: the Indochina Governor-General's Palace, the Residency and the Governor-General's Palace of Tonkin, the Courthouse, and the Grand Theatre in Hanoi; the Saigon Governor's Palace, the Post Office, the Residency of Cochinchina, and the Grand Theatre in Ho Chi Minh City. Of these, the Hanoi Grand Theatre can be considered the most representative.
Long Bien Bridge, a symbol of Hanoi's cultural and historical heritage.
Standing majestically over the Red River, Long Bien Bridge resembles a guardian deity, witnessing the many ups and downs of Hanoi. With 19 spans, 20 sturdy pillars, and a length of up to 2,500 meters, Long Bien Bridge is not only an impressive engineering feat but also a unique work of art.
The Long Bien Bridge is considered a "historical witness," having experienced countless ups and downs and historical events alongside the capital city of Hanoi.
The bridge's architecture is distinctly French, with elegant and harmonious lines, showcasing the talent of architects Daydé & Pillié. Long Bien Bridge is not just a transportation structure but also a symbol of the cultural exchange between East and West.
The Long Bien Bridge also witnessed the withdrawal of the last French soldiers from Hanoi, allowing our troops to take over according to the Geneva Accords in October 1954.
The Long Bien Bridge in Hanoi was started by the French government on September 12, 1898, with the aim of connecting transportation and facilitating the exploitation of the colony.
The bridge has witnessed countless important historical events, from the French colonial period to the years of fierce war. From the years of liberating the capital, resisting the American war of destruction, to the days of peace and development, Long Bien Bridge still stands there majestically, bearing the scars of war. The old bridge has deteriorated, but it is still usable today and is also a testament to the enduring nature of French architecture.
Chu Van An School
Chu Van An High School, as a historical witness, has left its mark on the golden pages of Vietnamese education. However, through the vicissitudes of history, the school has become one of Vietnam's leading cradles for nurturing talent. Chu Van An High School has made a significant contribution to the building and development of the nation. Many generations of outstanding students have graduated from this school, becoming talented leaders, scientists, writers, and artists, contributing to the glory of the nation.
Located on the shores of West Lake (Hanoi), Chu Van An High School has 13 buildings, many of which were built during the French colonial era and are still in good condition today.
The building, constructed in 1898, was originally named Schneider Villa – after its owner – and later served as the residence of the French headmaster of the Protectorate High School.
Education and culture were among the areas that the French paid great attention to during their time in Vietnam. Chu Van An School was the first school built by the French in 1908 to train personnel for the administrative apparatus of Northern Vietnam, and it is also a school that proudly produced many generations of talented individuals for the country.
Whether it was the Buoi High School of the past or the Chu Van An High School of today, this century-old school has always affirmed its position by educating generations of talented students.
Over 110 years of formation and development, through countless ups and downs of history, the image of the school has always remained in the hearts of many generations of students and teachers.
Chu Van An High School, with its classic French architecture, is like a vibrant oil painting, depicting a glorious period in the country's history. The school's architecture is distinctly French in style, featuring exquisite patterns, sturdy columns, and majestic arches. Every small detail is meticulously designed, showcasing the sophistication of the architects of that era. Bright yellow walls, green windows, crimson red roof tiles... all blend together to create a unique architectural masterpiece, deeply marked by time.
Hanoi Cathedral
The Grand Cathedral, like a precious gem, shines brightly through the ups and downs of history. Built from 1884 and completed in 1887, the Grand Cathedral is one of Hanoi's oldest architectural works. This church is designed in the Gothic style, bearing the strong imprint of French architecture of that period.
The church was designed in the medieval European Gothic architectural style, which was very popular in the 12th century.
The architecture of Hanoi's Grand Cathedral is distinctly Gothic, featuring intricate patterns, sturdy columns, and soaring domes. Every small detail is meticulously designed, showcasing the talent of French architects. It is not only a unique architectural masterpiece but also a religious center for Hanoi's Catholic community. Every day, it is bustling with people coming to pray and seek peace of mind. With its ancient beauty and profound spiritual significance, the Grand Cathedral remains an enduring symbol of Hanoi.
French colonial architecture, or any other type of ancient architecture for that matter, leaves a timeless mark. It serves as both a historical testament to societal development and a witness to the ups and downs of history. Modern architecture is no different. Even decades, centuries, or even longer, when future generations look back, it serves as proof of how much society has developed and prospered. Each era and civilization is accompanied by progressive, innovative, and advancing cultures.
